Country overview

Country overview: 

Short name	TURKEY
ISO code	TR
FIPS code	TU
Language	Turkish (tr)
Time zone	+2~
Capital	Ankara

In 1900, the Ottoman Empire (often informally called Turkey) was in decline. It controlled extensive territory, but had been losing ground at an accelerating pace. It had control in some degree over Albania, northern Greece, parts of Bulgaria and what later became Yugoslavia, Crete, Cyprus, the Archipelago (the eastern Aegean islands), Tripoli (Libya), Egypt, most of modern Turkey, the Fertile Crescent, and the east and west coasts of the Arabian peninsula. (Egypt and Cyprus were under British hegemony in actuality.) It lost Libya in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912, followed by most of its European lands in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913. It was defeated in World War I, and the empire was broken up into pieces. Turkey became its successor state.

Other names of country: 

1.   Danish: Tyrkiet

2.   Dutch: Turkije, Republiek Turkije (formal)

3.   English: Republic of Turkey (formal)

4.   Finnish: Turkki

5.   French: Turquie f

6.   German: Türkei f

7.   Icelandic: Tyrkland

8.   Italian: Turchia f

9.   Norwegian: Tyrkia, Republikken Tyrkia (formal)

10.       Portuguese: Turquia, República f da Turquia f (formal)

11.       Russian: Турецкая Республика (formal), Турция

12.       Spanish: Turquía, República f de Turquía f (formal)

13.       Swedish: Turkiet

14.       Turkish: Türkiye Çumhuriyeti (formal)

Origin of name: 

land of the Turks

Primary subdivisions: 

Turkey is divided into 81 iller (sing. il: provinces).

Province	HASC	ISO	NUTS	FIPS	Population	Area(km.²)	Area(mi.²)	Old capital	Reg
Adana	TR.AA	01	TR621*	TU81	2,006,650	12,788	4,937	Seyhan	MD
Adıyaman	TR.AD	02	TRC12	TU02	582,762	7,614	2,940		SE
Afyonkarahisar	TR.AF	03	TR332	TU03	701,572	14,230	5,494	Afyon	AG
Ağri	TR.AG	04	TRA21*	TU04	530,879	11,376	4,392	Karaköse	EA
Aksaray	TR.AK	68	TR712	TU75	366,109	7,626	2,944		CA
Amasya	TR.AM	05	TR834	TU05	328,674	5,520	2,131		BS
Ankara	TR.AN	06	TR51*	TU68	4,466,756	25,706	9,925	Angora	CA
Antalya	TR.AL	07	TR611*	TU07	1,789,295	20,591	7,950	Adalia	MD
Ardahan	TR.AR	75	TRA24	TU86	112,721	5,576	2,153		EA
Artvin	TR.AV	08	TR905	TU08	168,092	7,436	2,871		BS
Aydın	TR.AY	09	TR321*	TU09	946,971	8,007	3,092		AG
Balıkesir	TR.BK	10	TR221*	TU10	1,118,313	14,292	5,518		MM
Bartın	TR.BR	74	TR813	TU87	182,131	2,140	826		BS
Batman	TR.BM	72	TRC32	TU76	472,487	4,694	1,812		SE
Bayburt	TR.BB	69	TRA13	TU77	76,609	3,652	1,410		BS
Bilecik	TR.BC	11	TR413	TU11	203,777	4,307	1,663		MM
Bingöl	TR.BG	12	TRB13	TU12	251,552	8,125	3,137	Çapakçur	EA
Bitlis	TR.BT	13	TRB23	TU13	327,886	6,707	2,590		EA
Bolu	TR.BL	14	TR424	TU14	270,417	10,037	3,875		BS
Burdur	TR.BD	15	TR613	TU15	251,181	6,887	2,659		MD
Bursa	TR.BU	16	TR411*	TU16	2,439,876	10,963	4,233	Brusa	MM
Çanakkale	TR.CK	17	TR222	TU17	476,128	9,737	3,759		MM
Çankırı	TR.CI	18	TR822	TU82	174,012	7,388	2,853		CA
Çorum	TR.CM	19	TR833	TU19	549,828	12,820	4,950		BS
Denizli	TR.DN	20	TR322	TU20	907,325	11,868	4,582		AG
Diyarbakır	TR.DY	21	TRC22	TU21	1,460,714	15,355	5,929		SE
Düzce	TR.DU	81	TR423	TU93	323,328	1,014	392		BS
Edirne	TR.ED	22	TR212	TU22	396,462	6,276	2,423	Adrianople	MM
Elazığ	TR.EG	23	TRB12	TU23	541,258	9,153	3,534		EA
Erzincan	TR.EN	24	TRA12	TU24	213,538	11,903	4,596		EA
Erzurum	TR.EM	25	TRA11*	TU25	784,941	25,066	9,678		EA
Eskişehir	TR.ES	26	TR412	TU26	724,849	13,652	5,271		CA
Gaziantep	TR.GA	27	TRC11*	TU83	1,560,023	6,207	2,397		SE
Giresun	TR.GI	28	TR903	TU28	417,505	6,934	2,677		BS
Gümüşhane	TR.GU	29	TR906	TU69	130,825	6,575	2,539		BS
Hakkari	TR.HK	30	TRB24	TU70	246,469	7,121	2,749	Çölemerik	EA
Hatay	TR.HT	31	TR631*	TU31	1,386,224	5,403	2,086	Antioch (Antakya, Antioquia)	MD
Iğdır	TR.IG	76	TRA23	TU88	181,866	3,539	1,366		EA
Isparta	TR.IP	32	TR612	TU33	419,845	8,933	3,449		MD
İstanbul	TR.IB	34	TR1*	TU34	12,573,836	5,220	2,015	Constantinople	MM
İzmir	TR.IZ	35	TR31*	TU35	3,739,353	11,973	4,623	Smyrna	AG
Kahramanmaraş	TR.KM	46	TR632	TU46	1,004,414	14,327	5,532	Maraş	MD
Karabük	TR.KB	78	TR812	TU89	218,463	4,074	1,573		BS
Karaman	TR.KR	70	TR522	TU78	226,049	9,163	3,538		CA
Kars	TR.KA	36	TRA22	TU84	312,205	9,442	3,646		EA
Kastamonu	TR.KS	37	TR821*	TU37	360,366	13,108	5,061	Kostambul	BS
Kayseri	TR.KY	38	TR721*	TU38	1,165,088	16,917	6,532		CA
Kilis	TR.KI	79	TRC13	TU90	118,457	1,338	517		SE
Kırıkkale	TR.KK	71	TR711*	TU79	280,234	4,365	1,685		CA
Kırklareli	TR.KL	39	TR213	TU39	333,256	6,550	2,529		MM
Kırşehir	TR.KH	40	TR715	TU40	223,170	6,570	2,537		CA
Kocaeli	TR.KC	41	TR421*	TU41	1,437,926	3,626	1,400	İzmit, Ismid	MM
Konya	TR.KO	42	TR521*	TU71	1,959,082	38,157	14,733		CA
Kütahya	TR.KU	43	TR333	TU43	583,910	11,875	4,585		AG
Malatya	TR.ML	44	TRB11*	TU44	722,065	12,313	4,754		EA
Manisa	TR.MN	45	TR331*	TU45	1,319,920	13,810	5,332		AG
Mardin	TR.MR	47	TRC31*	TU72	745,778	8,891	3,433		SE
Mersin	TR.IC	33	TR622	TU32	1,595,938	15,853	6,121	İçel	MD
Muğla	TR.MG	48	TR323	TU48	766,156	13,338	5,150		AG
Muş	TR.MS	49	TRB22	TU49	405,509	8,196	3,164		EA
Nevşehir	TR.NV	50	TR714	TU50	280,058	5,467	2,111		CA
Niğde	TR.NG	51	TR713	TU73	331,677	7,312	2,823		CA
Ordu	TR.OR	52	TR902	TU52	715,409	6,001	2,317		BS
Osmaniye	TR.OS	80	TR633	TU91	452,880	3,320	1,282		MD
Rize	TR.RI	53	TR904	TU53	316,252	3,920	1,514	Çoruh	BS
Sakarya	TR.SK	54	TR422	TU54	835,222	4,817	1,860	Adapazarı	MM
Samsun	TR.SS	55	TR831*	TU55	1,228,959	9,579	3,698		BS
Şanlıurfa	TR.SU	63	TRC21*	TU63	1,523,099	18,584	7,175	Urfa	SE
Siirt	TR.SI	56	TRC34	TU74	291,528	5,406	2,087		SE
Sinop	TR.SP	57	TR823	TU57	198,412	5,862	2,263		BS
Şırnak	TR.SR	73	TRC33	TU80	416,001	7,172	2,769		SE
Sivas	TR.SV	58	TR722	TU58	638,464	28,488	10,999		CA
Tekirdağ	TR.TG	59	TR211*	TU59	728,396	6,218	2,401		MM
Tokat	TR.TT	60	TR832	TU60	620,722	9,958	3,845		BS
Trabzon	TR.TB	61	TR901*	TU61	740,569	4,685	1,809		BS
Tunceli	TR.TC	62	TRB14	TU62	84,022	7,774	3,002	Kalan	EA
Uşak	TR.US	64	TR334	TU64	334,115	5,341	2,062		AG
Van	TR.VA	65	TRB21*	TU65	979,671	19,069	7,363		EA
Yalova	TR.YL	77	TR425	TU92	181,758	674	260		MM
Yozgat	TR.YZ	66	TR723	TU66	492,127	14,123	5,453		CA
Zonguldak	TR.ZO	67	TR811*	TU85	615,890	3,481	1,344		BS
81 provinces					70,586,256	773,575	298,679
·         HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. ·         ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2. These codes are the first two digits on license plates issued in the province, except for a few provinces created after this system was instituted (numbers greater than 74). ·         NUTS: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics. ·         FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4. ·         Population: 2007-12-31 census. ·         Capital: Currently, the standard name of each provincial capital is the same as its province's name. ·         Old capital: Some capitals have other historical names, which in many cases are still in common use. ·         Reg: Arbitrary code for census-defined regions. For key, see table below.

Reg	Turkish name	English name
AG	Ege Bölgesi	Aegean Region
BS	Karadeniz Bölgesi	Black Sea Region
CA	Iç Anadolu Bölgesi	Central Anatolian Region
EA	Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi	Eastern Anatolian Region
MD	Akdeniz Bölgesi	Mediterranean Region
MM	Marmara Bölgesi	Marmara Region
SE	Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi	Southeastern Anatolian Region

Postal codes: 

Turkey uses five-digit postal codes.

Further subdivisions:

See the Districts of Turkey page.

The provinces are divided into ilçe (districts) with limited function. The districts are subdivided into communes, or municipalities, and villages. There are widely recognized regions in Turkey (Thrace, or Turkey in Europe; Black Sea Coast; Central Anatolia, etc.), but their standing is unofficial.

As in all countries with NUTS codes, higher-level region codes can be obtained by truncating a subdivision's NUTS code. Turkey's provinces have NUTS-3 codes, consisting of "TR" followed by three characters (with a few exceptions where a NUTS-3 region is coextensive with a NUTS-2 or NUTS-1 region). If they are truncated to the first four characters, the result is the NUTS code for the NUTS-2 region containing the same province. All NUTS-2 regions have the same name as one of the provinces in the region, marked above with an asterisk (*). The NUTS-1 regions of Turkey are: TR1 = İstanbul; TR2 = Batı Marmara; TR3 = Ege; TR4 = Doğu Marmara; TR5 = Batı Anadolu; TR6 = Akdeniz; TR7 = Orta Anadolu; TR8 = Batı Karadeniz; TR9 = Doğu Karadeniz; TRA = Kuzeydoğu Anadolu; TRB = Ortadoğu Anadolu; TRC = Güneydoğu Anadolu. English equivalents include Anatolia for Anadolu, Central for Orta, East for Doğu, North for Kuzey, South for Güney, and West for Batı.

Territorial extent: 

1.   Antalya includes some tiny Mediterranean islands such as Kekova.

2.   Balıkesir includes the islands of Marmara, Paşalimanı, Türkeli, and smaller islands in the Sea of Marmara; and Alibey and other small islands in the Aegean Sea.

3.   Bursa includes İmrali island in the Sea of Marmara.

4.   Çanakkale is partly in Asia and partly in Europe, straddling the Dardanelles. It includes the Aegean islands of Gökçeada (İmroz) and Bozcaada.

5.   Erzincan and Elazığ are adjacent, but their boundary is entirely in water (Keban reservoir).

6.   İstanbul is partly in Asia and partly in Europe, lying across the Bosporus.

7.   İzmir includes Uzun and Kara islands in the Aegean Sea.

8.   Muğla includes some tiny islands such as Salih, Kara, and Tersane.

9.   Van includes the small islands of Adır and Carbanab in Lake Van.

The UN LOCODE page   for Turkey lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Origins of names: 

1.   Antalya: from Attalus II, king of Pergamon, founder of city

2.   Bursa: from founder Prusias I, king of Bithynia

3.   Çanakkale: Turkish çanak: pottery, kale: fort

4.   Edirne: Ancient Greek Hadrianopolis, after Roman emperor Hadrian.

5.   Erzurum: Arabic ard ar-rum: the land of Rome (referring to Christian population)

6.   Eskişehir: Turkish eski: ancient, sehir: city

7.   İzmir: Turkish corruption of eis Smyrne: to Smyrna

8.   İstanbul: Turkish corruption of Byzantine Greek eis ten polin: to the city; or, more likely, of Constantinople

Change history: 

In 1900, the Ottoman Empire was divided into vilayets (governorates), which were subdivided into sanjaks (provinces). The sanjaks were similar in size to the modern provinces, though different in detail. The vilayets which fell mainly within the area of modern Turkey were:

Vilayet	Population	Area(km.²)
Adana	422,400	39,886
Adrianople	1,028,200	38,389
Angora	932,800	70,888
Bigha	129,500	6,604
Bitlis	398,700	27,091
Brusa	1,626,800	65,786
Chatalja	60,000	1,898
Constantinople	1,203,000	3,898
Diarbekir	471,500	37,503
Erzerum	645,700	49,676
Ismid	222,700	8,107
Kastamuni	961,200	50,686
Konieh	1,069,000	102,071
Mamuret-ul-Aziz	575,200	32,893
Sivas	1,057,500	62,082
Smyrna	2,500,000	6,682
Trebizond	1,265,000	43,178
Van	379,800	39,290
18 vilayets	14,949,000	686,608
·         Vilayet: except for Bigha, Chatalja, and Ismid, which are mutessarifats. ·         Population: 1912 estimate (apparently based on much earlier figures).

1.   1918-03: By the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia ceded the Armenian districts of Ardahan, Batum, and Kars to Turkey.

2.   1920-08-10: Treaty of Sèvres created an independent Armenia, boundaries not fixed. The proposed territory would have included most of Bitlis, Erzerum, Trebizond, and Van vilayets.

3.   1920-12-02: Treaty of Alexandropol restored Turkish Armenia, including Ardahan and Kars, to Turkey.

4.   1923: Northern strip of Syria restored to Turkey by the Treaty of Lausanne.

5.   1923-10-13: Capital of Turkey moved from Constantinople to Ankara.

6.   1923-10-29: Ottoman Empire became the Republic of Turkey.

7.   ~1926: Turkey reorganized from 20 vilayets into 63 iller (also called vilayets at first).

8.   1926: Name of capital of country officially changed from Constantinople to İstanbul (which had already been in widespread use for many years).

9.   1939-06-23: The Republic of Hatay, previously part of Syria as the Sanjuk of Alexandretta, merged with Turkey as Hatay province.

10.       ~1946: Çoruh province split into Artvin and Rize; Bitlis province formed from parts of Muş and Siirt; Çapakçur and Tunceli provinces formed from parts of Elazığ and Erzincan; Hakkâri province split from Van; capital of Ağri province moved from Bayazit to Karaköse.

11.       ~1950: Capital of Tunceli moved from Hozat to Kalan; name of Çapakçur province and its capital changed to Bingöl.

12.       1953-07-11: Uşak province split from Kütahya.

13.       1954: Adıyaman province split from Malatya; Sakarya province split from Kocaeli.

14.       1957: Nevşehir province formed from parts of Kirşehir and Niğde. At this time, Turkey consisted of these 67 provinces (FIPS codes were assigned in 1970):

Province	FIPS	Population	Area(km.²)
Adıyaman	TU02	208,755	7,564
Afyonkarahisar	TU03	404,497	14,161
Ağri	TU04	185,928	11,376
Amasya	TU05	227,044	5,520
Ankara	TU06	1,059,486	30,691
Antalya	TU07	357,572	20,591
Artvin	TU08	176,845	7,436
Aydın	TU09	427,832	8,033
Balıkesir	TU10	610,720	14,306
Bilecik	TU11	138,813	4,666
Bingöl	TU12	113,341	8,393
Bitlis	TU13	106,449	6,706
Bolu	TU14	317,946	11,051
Burdur	TU15	157,658	6,883
Bursa	TU16	598,602	10,609
Çanakkale	TU17	311,456	9,737
Çankırı	TU18	227,357	8,455
Çorum	TU19	401,004	12,820
Denizli	TU20	367,304	11,853
Diyarbakır	TU21	343,999	15,354
Edirne	TU22	251,795	6,276
Elâziğ	TU23	242,914	9,064
Erzincan	TU24	215,504	11,933
Erzurum	TU25	517,739	24,768
Eskişehir	TU26	323,931	13,295
Gaziantep	TU27	376,793	7,512
Giresun	TU28	334,457	6,934
Gümüşane	TU29	213,553	10,227
Hakkâri	TU30	54,824	9,532
Hatay	TU31	363,611	5,311
İçel	TU32	367,856	15,853
Isparta	TU33	212,080	8,270
İstanbul	TU34	1,536,630	5,712
İzmir	TU35	899,070	11,973
Kars	TU36	487,844	18,557
Kastamonu	TU37	402,557	13,110
Kayseri	TU38	420,953	16,921
Kırklareli	TU39	224,735	6,550
Kirşehir	TU40	158,280	6,410
Kocaeli	TU41	251,235	3,972
Konya	TU42	856,137	46,082
Kütahya	TU43	331,879	11,888
Malatya	TU44	342,835	12,219
Manisa	TU45	563,211	13,767
Maraş	TU46	336,389	14,592
Mardin	TU47	304,791	12,760
Muğla	TU48	265,737	13,318
Muş	TU49	136,401	8,195
Nevşehir	TU50	167,913	5,626
Niğde	TU51	284,563	14,294
Ordu	TU52	407,687	6,000
Rize	TU53	211,967	3,920
Sakarya	TU54	298,414	4,431
Samsun	TU55	555,088	9,579
Seyhan	TU01	626,262	17,249
Siirt	TU56	198,434	11,519
Sinop	TU57	226,261	5,862
Sivas	TU58	595,420	28,488
Tekirdağ	TU59	246,776	6,218
Tokat	TU60	388,303	9,955
Trabzon	TU61	462,249	4,685
Tunceli	TU62	121,743	7,776
Urfa	TU63	348,199	18,584
Uşak	TU64	165,614	5,341
Van	TU65	175,250	18,619
Yozgat	TU66	359,612	14,112
Zonguldak	TU67	488,659	8,627
Total		24,064,763	780,576
·         FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-3. ·         Population: 1955-10-23 census. ·         Capitals: Capital of Hatay was Antakya; capital of Tunceli was Kalan.

1.   ~1963: Name of Seyhan province changed to Adana.

2.   1989: Aksaray province split from Niğde; Bayburt split from Gümüşhane; Karaman split from Konya; Kırıkkale split from Ankara.

3.   1990: Batman and Şırnak provinces formed from parts of Hakkari, Mardin, and Siirt.

4.   1991: Bartın split from Zonguldak.

5.   1994: Ardahan and Iğdır provinces split from Kars.

6.   1995-06-06: Karabük province formed by taking Eskipazar and Ovacık districts from Çankırı province and Eflani, Karabuk, Safranbolu, and Yenice districts from Zonguldak province; Kilis province split from Gaziantep; Yalova province formed by taking Armutlu district from Bursa province, Çiftlikköy, Çınarcık, Termal, and Yalova districts from İstanbul province, and Altınova district from Kocaeli province.

7.   1997: Osmaniye province split from Adana, with the addition of a small part of Gaziantep.

8.   1999-12-09: Düzce province split from Bolu (former HASC code TU.BO).

9.   2002-06-20: Name of İçel province changed to Mersin.

10.       2004: Name of Afyon province changed to Afyonkarahisar.

Other names of subdivisions: 

Note: the Turkish alphabet includes two forms of the letter I: İ (lower-case is i) and I (lower-case is ı). Some sources may transcribe Turkish letters phonetically, using ch for ç, j for ğ, or sh for ş.

1.   Adana: Seyhan (obsolete)

2.   Afyonkarahisar: Afyon (obsolete)

3.   Ağri: Karaköse (obsolete)

4.   Ankara: Ancara (Portuguese); Angora (obsolete); Анкара (Russian)

5.   Antalya: Adalia (obsolete); Anatolia (variant)

6.   Artvin: Çoruh (obsolete)

7.   Balıkesir: Balikisri (obsolete)

8.   Bingöl: Çapakçur (obsolete)

9.   Bursa: Burssa, Brusa, Brussa (obsolete); Brousse (French)

10.       Çankırı: Changra (obsolete)

11.       Edirne: Adrianople (obsolete); Adrianopel (German-obsolete)

12.       Giresun: Kerasund (obsolete)

13.       İstanbul: Constantinople (obsolete); Estambul (Spanish); Istambul (Portuguese); Istanboel (Dutch); Konstantinopel (German-obsolete); Stamboul (French-obsolete)

14.       İzmir: Esmirna (Portuguese, Spanish); Smirne (Italian); Smyrna (obsolete)

15.       Kocaeli: İzmit (obsolete)

16.       Konya: Konieh (obsolete); Kunja (German-obsolete)

17.       Kütahya: Kütanya (variant)

18.       Mersin: İçel (obsolete)

19.       Şanlıurfa: Urfa (obsolete)

20.       Trabzon: Trapezunt (German-obsolete); Trebizond (obsolete); Trebizonda (Portuguese); Trébizonde (French)

Population history:

Province	1945-10-21	1955-10-23	1965-10-24	1975-10-26	1985-10-20	1990-10-21	2000-10-22	2007-12-31
Adana	418,740	626,262	903,000	1,234,735	1,725,940	1,549,233	1,854,270	2,006,650
Adıyaman		208,755	267,000	345,764	430,728	510,827	623,811	582,762
Afyonkarahisar	335,609	404,497	502,000	576,860	666,978	738,979	812,416	701,572
Ağri	133,504	185,928	247,000	337,606	421,131	437,093	528,744	530,879
Aksaray						330,569	396,084	366,109
Amasya	147,870	227,044	286,000	318,082	358,289	359,265	365,231	328,674
Ankara	695,526	1,059,486	1,644,000	2,572,562	3,306,327	3,236,378	4,007,860	4,466,756
Antalya	278,178	357,572	487,000	669,913	891,149	1,132,211	1,719,751	1,789,295
Ardahan						163,731	133,756	112,721
Artvin	159,328	176,845	210,000	227,107	226,338	212,833	191,934	168,092
Aydın	294,407	427,832	525,000	607,126	743,419	824,816	950,757	946,971
Balıkesir	524,748	610,720	708,000	788,576	910,282	974,274	1,076,347	1,118,313
Bartın						205,834	184,178	182,131
Batman						344,121	456,734	472,487
Bayburt						107,330	97,358	76,609
Bilecik	136,053	138,813	139,000	136,011	160,909	175,797	194,326	203,777
Bingöl	75,510	113,341	151,000	209,107	241,548	249,074	253,739	251,552
Bitlis	71,950	106,449	154,000	218,997	300,843	330,115	388,678	327,886
Bolu	276,367	317,946	384,000	427,273	504,778	262,919	270,654	270,417
Burdur	125,792	157,658	195,000	222,375	248,002	254,899	256,803	251,181
Bursa	491,899	598,602	756,000	960,034	1,324,015	1,596,161	2,125,140	2,439,876
Çanakkale	317,254	311,456	350,000	367,121	417,121	432,263	464,975	476,128
Çankırı	197,356	227,357	251,000	266,450	263,964	249,344	270,355	174,012
Çorum	312,723	401,004	486,000	550,426	599,204	608,660	597,065	549,828
Denizli	315,934	367,304	463,000	556,173	667,478	750,882	850,029	907,325
Diyarbakır	249,949	343,999	476,000	649,796	934,505	1,096,447	1,362,708	1,460,714
Düzce						273,679	314,266	323,328
Edirne	198,271	251,795	303,000	337,898	389,638	404,599	402,606	396,462
Elazığ	198,081	242,914	323,000	417,751	483,715	498,225	569,616	541,258
Erzincan	171,868	215,504	259,000	284,660	299,985	299,251	316,841	213,538
Erzurum	395,876	517,739	628,000	749,157	856,175	848,201	937,389	784,941
Eskişehir	244,251	323,931	415,000	492,902	597,397	641,301	706,009	724,849
Gaziantep	290,058	376,793	511,000	715,474	966,490	1,010,396	1,285,249	1,560,023
Giresun	283,626	334,457	428,000	462,449	502,151	499,617	523,819	417,505
Gümüşhane	190,130	213,553	263,000	286,922	283,753	168,845	186,953	130,825
Hakkari	35,124	54,824	84,000	126,241	182,645	172,479	236,581	246,469
Hatay	254,141	363,611	506,000	744,318	1,002,252	1,109,754	1,253,726	1,386,224
Iğdır						142,601	168,634	181,866
Isparta	172,543	212,080	266,000	322,062	382,844	434,771	513,681	419,845
İstanbul	1,078,399	1,536,630	2,293,000	3,864,493	5,842,985	7,195,773	10,018,735	12,573,836
İzmir	673,581	899,070	1,235,000	1,660,529	2,317,829	2,694,770	3,370,866	3,739,353
Kahramanmaraş	261,550	336,389	438,000	620,246	840,472	894,264	1,002,384	1,004,414
Karabük						244,177	225,102	218,463
Karaman						215,181	243,210	226,049
Kars	381,176	487,844	606,000	701,772	722,431	355,823	325,016	312,205
Kastamonu	385,410	402,557	442,000	436,946	450,353	423,206	375,476	360,366
Kayseri	370,089	420,953	536,000	674,015	864,060	944,091	1,060,432	1,165,088
Kilis						130,198	114,724	118,457
Kırıkkale						350,360	383,508	280,234
Kırklareli	178,203	224,735	258,000	268,224	297,098	309,512	328,461	333,256
Kırşehir	157,565	158,280	197,000	231,973	260,156	256,684	253,239	223,170
Kocaeli	416,058	251,235	336,000	478,468	742,245	920,255	1,206,085	1,437,926
Konya	661,877	856,137	1,123,000	1,423,910	1,769,050	1,752,658	2,192,166	1,959,082
Kütahya	384,625	331,879	398,000	480,442	543,384	577,905	656,903	583,910
Malatya	428,660	342,835	453,000	577,309	665,809	704,359	853,658	722,065
Manisa	472,789	563,211	749,000	870,841	1,050,130	1,154,418	1,260,169	1,319,920
Mardin	234,457	304,791	398,000	529,260	652,069	558,275	705,098	745,778
Mersin	279,484	367,856	511,000	710,728	1,034,085	1,267,253	1,651,400	1,595,938
Muğla	220,678	265,737	335,000	401,413	486,290	562,809	715,328	766,156
Muş	82,699	136,401	199,000	252,135	339,492	376,543	453,654	405,509
Nevşehir		167,913	203,000	248,971	278,129	289,509	309,914	280,058
Niğde	296,584	284,563	362,000	460,928	560,386	301,691	348,081	331,677
Ordu	333,008	407,687	544,000	661,679	763,857	826,886	887,765	715,409
Osmaniye						384,104	458,782	452,880
Rize	171,929	211,967	281,000	334,952	374,206	348,776	365,938	316,252
Sakarya		298,414	404,000	495,771	610,500	683,281	756,168	835,222
Samsun	407,541	555,088	756,000	904,774	1,108,710	1,161,207	1,209,137	1,228,959
Şanlıurfa	263,855	348,199	451,000	598,238	795,034	1,001,455	1,443,422	1,523,099
Siirt	133,627	198,434	265,000	389,347	524,741	243,435	263,676	291,528
Sinop	205,276	226,261	266,000	266,609	280,140	265,153	225,574	198,412
Şırnak						262,006	353,197	416,001
Sivas	490,493	595,420	705,000	739,073	772,209	766,821	755,091	638,464
Tekirdağ	202,606	246,776	287,000	318,704	402,721	468,842	623,591	728,396
Tokat	340,749	388,303	495,000	592,612	679,071	718,738	828,027	620,722
Trabzon	395,384	462,249	596,000	716,168	786,194	795,849	975,137	740,569
Tunceli	90,446	121,743	154,000	163,273	151,906	133,584	93,584	84,022
Uşak		165,614	191,000	228,715	271,261	290,398	322,313	334,115
Van	127,858	175,250	267,000	386,059	547,216	637,433	877,524	979,671
Yalova						135,121	168,593	181,758
Yozgat	287,371	359,612	438,000	497,960	545,301	578,719	682,919	492,127
Zonguldak	383,481	488,659	650,000	829,204	1,044,945	653,739	615,599	615,890
Totals	18,790,174	24,064,763	31,392,000	40,197,669	50,664,458	56,473,035	67,808,719	70,586,256

Sources: 

[1] Chisholm, George G., ed., Longman's Gazetteer of the World. Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1920 (apparently not revised since the 1895 first edition).

[2] 1997 General Population Register Results, http://www.die.gov.tr/ENGLISH/SONIST/NUFUS/nufus97.htm (dead link, retrieved 2003-11-21).

[3] http://www.tuik.gov.tr/jsp/duyuru/upload/adnks_Harita_TR/HaritaTR.html Türkiye İstatistik population data from the 1997, 2000, and 2007 censuses. (dead link, retrieved 2008-02-23).

[4] http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=132200 Today's Zaman (dead link, retrieved 2008-02-23).

[5] "New registration system shows Turkey's population smaller than thought  ." Turkey Financial News (retrieved 2008-02-23).

[6] http://ec.europa.eu/comm/eurostat/ramon/nuts/codelist_en.cfm?list=cec Eurostat (dead link, retrieved 2007-10-14).

[7] http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2002/06/02x06x21.HTM#%209 ICEL PROVINCE RE-NAMED MERSIN Turkish Press Review, (dead link, dated 21.06.2002, retrieved 2005-04-06).

[8] http://www.die.gov.tr/ENGLISH/SONIST/GSYIH/160503t6.gif Gross Domestic Product by Provinces (dead link, retrieved 2003-11-21).

[9] http://www.die.gov.tr/ENGLISH/SONIST/GSYIH/160503t8.gif Per Capita Gross Domestic Product by Provinces (dead link, retrieved 2003-11-21).

[10] https://web.archive.org/web/20071224141234/http://ec.europa.eu/comm/eurostat/ramon/nuts/codelist_en.cfm?list=cec had new NUTS codes for Turkey (dead link, retrieved 2007-10-14).